The notes and bibliography system is usually preferred in humanities subjects like literature, history and the arts.

You can usually find out from your instructor or syllabus which style you should use.

Frequently asked questions about Chicago in-text citationsįirst, you need to decide whether you are using notes or author-date in-text citations.

Missing information in Chicago in-text citations.Option 2: Citations in footnotes or endnotes.Option 1: Author-date in-text citations.If you are not certain which style to use in a paper, consult your instructor (Turabian, 15.3). The two most common forms of citation called notes-bibliography style, or simply bibliography style (used widely in the humanities and in some social sciences), and parenthetical citations-reference list style, or reference list style (used in most social sciences and in the natural and physical sciences). In her book, A Manual for Writers of Research Papers, Kate Turabian introduces the two styles in the following passage: A bibliography and a list of references are very similar to each other, but do have a few differences in how they are presented. The author-date style involves citations in parentheses within the text of your paper, and list of references at the end of your paper. The bibliography style involves either footnotes or endnotes in the text of your paper, and a bibliography of the sources you used at the end of your paper. Though technically one citation style, Chicago has two forms: the bibliography style and the author-date style, which is also known as the reference list style. The following tabs offer examples of citations according to the Chicago Manual of Style, 17th edition, 2017.

Chicco style endnote example